Studied almost entirely in animal models. No adequate, well-controlled human trials establish efficacy or safety; not approved anywhere, and flagged by FDA as not meeting compounding standards.
BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide originally derived from a protein found in stomach fluid. Unlike the hormones on this list, it has no clearly defined human receptor — its proposed actions come almost entirely from studies in rats and in cell cultures.
In those preclinical models it appears to promote new blood-vessel growth and tissue repair, with the leading hypothesis pointing to the VEGF/nitric-oxide signaling system and to growth-factor and cell-adhesion pathways. This is the basis for the popular interest in it for tendon, muscle, and gut healing.
The crucial caveat is that this evidence is almost all from animals — there are essentially no adequate controlled human trials. It is not approved anywhere, the FDA has flagged it as not meeting compounding standards, and it's banned by major sports bodies. The honest summary: interesting preclinical signal, unproven and unregulated in people.
Searching the published record…
Searching the published record…
Searching the published record…
Studies are surfaced live from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed). biohackr indexes and links the published record; it does not host or alter source articles.