Neuropeptide

DSIP

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Overview

An endogenous peptide associated with sleep modulation and stress responses; older human studies are mixed and it is not an approved therapy.

How it works

DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) is a naturally occurring peptide first identified in the 1970s for its apparent link to deep sleep.

Despite decades of study, its exact receptor and mechanism remain poorly defined. It's proposed to modulate sleep patterns, the body's stress (HPA) axis, and the opioid and GABA systems — but these remain loosely characterized.

Reflecting that uncertainty, the older human data are mixed, and it is not an approved therapy. It's a good example of a peptide where the honest 'how it works' answer is largely 'we don't fully know.'

Mechanism · Detailed Analysis

Molecular targetAn endogenous nonapeptide whose receptor and precise mechanism remain poorly defined.

Proposed downstream effectsProposed modulation of sleep architecture, the HPA/stress axis, and opioidergic/GABAergic systems.

Evidence & caveatsDespite decades of study the mechanism is unclear and human data are mixed and dated.

Published EvidenceFree · cited live from PubMed

Human Data 147

Review

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

Rahman OF et al. · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026 — PMID 41490200 ↗

Review

Delta sleep-inducing peptide

Pollard BJ et al. · European journal of anaesthesiology · 2001 — PMID 11437870 ↗

Review

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle

Kovalzon VM et al. · Journal of neurochemistry · 2006 — PMID 16539679 ↗

Review

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update

Graf MV et al. · Peptides · 1986 — PMID 3550726 ↗

Review

Peptides and the blood-brain barrier

Banks WA · Peptides · 2015 — PMID 25805003 ↗

Review

Biochemical regulation of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep

Obal F Jr et al. · Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library · 2003 — PMID 12700031 ↗

Review

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review

Graf MV et al. · Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 1984 — PMID 6145137 ↗

Clinical Trial

DSIP in insomnia

Schneider-Helmert D · European neurology · 1984 — PMID 6391925 ↗

Comparative Study

Comparison of DSIP- (delta sleep-inducing peptide) and P-DSIP-like (phosphorylated) immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type, multi-infarct syndrome, communicating hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease

Ernst A et al. · Journal of neurology · 1987 — PMID 2448424 ↗

Clinical Trial

A clinical trial with DSIP

Kaeser HE · European neurology · 1984 — PMID 6391926 ↗

Review

Neuropeptides and human sleep

Steiger A et al. · Sleep · 1997 — PMID 9456470 ↗

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like immunoreactivity in gut: coexistence with known peptide hormones

Bjartell A et al. · Peptides · 1989 — PMID 2664725 ↗

See all 147 on PubMed →

Animal 0

No indexed animal studies found for this term. Try the live PubMed query below.

Search this category on PubMed →

In Vitro 41

Review

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle

Kovalzon VM et al. · Journal of neurochemistry · 2006 — PMID 16539679 ↗

Study

DSIP affects adrenergic stimulation of rat pineal N-acetyltransferase in vivo and in vitro

Graf MV et al. · Peptides · 1986 — PMID 3562314 ↗

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Phosphorylation of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) by casein kinase II in vitro

Nakamura A et al. · Peptides · 1991 — PMID 1815223 ↗

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Characterization of the release and metabolism of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in the rat brain

Nakamura A et al. · Neuropeptides · 1993 — PMID 8474631 ↗

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Evidence for peptide aggregation

Kastin AJ et al. · Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 1984 — PMID 6151671 ↗

Study

[Antioxidative and detoxifying effects of analogues of delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP)]

Mikhaleva II et al. · Bioorganicheskaia khimiia · 2014 — PMID 25898718 ↗

Study

Delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP): effect on respiration activity in rat brain mitochondria and stress protective potency under experimental hypoxia

Khvatova EM et al. · Peptides · 2003 — PMID 12668217 ↗

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Human pheochromocytoma cells studied in culture contain large amounts of DSIP-like material

Nilsson O et al. · Peptides · 1991 — PMID 1800948 ↗

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Studies are surfaced live from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed). biohackr indexes and links the published record; it does not host or alter source articles.

Published EvidenceLoading cited studies from PubMed…

Human Data ···

Searching the published record…

Animal ···

Searching the published record…

In Vitro ···

Searching the published record…

Educational aggregation of public literature. Not medical advice and not a recommendation to use any compound. Many compounds here are not approved for human use. Consult a licensed clinician.

Published EvidenceFree · cited live from PubMed

Human Data 147

Review

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

Rahman OF et al. · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026 — PMID 41490200 ↗

Review

Delta sleep-inducing peptide

Pollard BJ et al. · European journal of anaesthesiology · 2001 — PMID 11437870 ↗

Review

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle

Kovalzon VM et al. · Journal of neurochemistry · 2006 — PMID 16539679 ↗

Review

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update

Graf MV et al. · Peptides · 1986 — PMID 3550726 ↗

Review

Peptides and the blood-brain barrier

Banks WA · Peptides · 2015 — PMID 25805003 ↗

Review

Biochemical regulation of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep

Obal F Jr et al. · Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library · 2003 — PMID 12700031 ↗

Review

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review

Graf MV et al. · Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 1984 — PMID 6145137 ↗

Clinical Trial

DSIP in insomnia

Schneider-Helmert D · European neurology · 1984 — PMID 6391925 ↗

Comparative Study

Comparison of DSIP- (delta sleep-inducing peptide) and P-DSIP-like (phosphorylated) immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type, multi-infarct syndrome, communicating hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease

Ernst A et al. · Journal of neurology · 1987 — PMID 2448424 ↗

Clinical Trial

A clinical trial with DSIP

Kaeser HE · European neurology · 1984 — PMID 6391926 ↗

Review

Neuropeptides and human sleep

Steiger A et al. · Sleep · 1997 — PMID 9456470 ↗

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like immunoreactivity in gut: coexistence with known peptide hormones

Bjartell A et al. · Peptides · 1989 — PMID 2664725 ↗

See all 147 on PubMed →

Animal 0

No indexed animal studies found for this term. Try the live PubMed query below.

Search this category on PubMed →

In Vitro 41

Review

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle

Kovalzon VM et al. · Journal of neurochemistry · 2006 — PMID 16539679 ↗

Study

DSIP affects adrenergic stimulation of rat pineal N-acetyltransferase in vivo and in vitro

Graf MV et al. · Peptides · 1986 — PMID 3562314 ↗

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Phosphorylation of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) by casein kinase II in vitro

Nakamura A et al. · Peptides · 1991 — PMID 1815223 ↗

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Characterization of the release and metabolism of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in the rat brain

Nakamura A et al. · Neuropeptides · 1993 — PMID 8474631 ↗

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Evidence for peptide aggregation

Kastin AJ et al. · Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 1984 — PMID 6151671 ↗

Study

[Antioxidative and detoxifying effects of analogues of delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP)]

Mikhaleva II et al. · Bioorganicheskaia khimiia · 2014 — PMID 25898718 ↗

Study

Delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP): effect on respiration activity in rat brain mitochondria and stress protective potency under experimental hypoxia

Khvatova EM et al. · Peptides · 2003 — PMID 12668217 ↗

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Human pheochromocytoma cells studied in culture contain large amounts of DSIP-like material

Nilsson O et al. · Peptides · 1991 — PMID 1800948 ↗

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Studies are surfaced live from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed). biohackr indexes and links the published record; it does not host or alter source articles.

DSIP

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

Delta sleep-inducing peptide

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update

Peptides and the blood-brain barrier

Biochemical regulation of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review

DSIP in insomnia

Comparison of DSIP- (delta sleep-inducing peptide) and P-DSIP-like (phosphorylated) immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type, multi-infarct syndrome, communicating hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease

A clinical trial with DSIP

Neuropeptides and human sleep

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like immunoreactivity in gut: coexistence with known peptide hormones

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle

DSIP affects adrenergic stimulation of rat pineal N-acetyltransferase in vivo and in vitro

Phosphorylation of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) by casein kinase II in vitro

Characterization of the release and metabolism of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in the rat brain

Evidence for peptide aggregation

[Antioxidative and detoxifying effects of analogues of delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP)]

Delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP): effect on respiration activity in rat brain mitochondria and stress protective potency under experimental hypoxia

Human pheochromocytoma cells studied in culture contain large amounts of DSIP-like material

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

Delta sleep-inducing peptide

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update

Peptides and the blood-brain barrier

Biochemical regulation of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review

DSIP in insomnia

Comparison of DSIP- (delta sleep-inducing peptide) and P-DSIP-like (phosphorylated) immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type, multi-infarct syndrome, communicating hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease

A clinical trial with DSIP

Neuropeptides and human sleep

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like immunoreactivity in gut: coexistence with known peptide hormones

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle

DSIP affects adrenergic stimulation of rat pineal N-acetyltransferase in vivo and in vitro

Phosphorylation of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) by casein kinase II in vitro

Characterization of the release and metabolism of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in the rat brain

Evidence for peptide aggregation

[Antioxidative and detoxifying effects of analogues of delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP)]

Delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP): effect on respiration activity in rat brain mitochondria and stress protective potency under experimental hypoxia

Human pheochromocytoma cells studied in culture contain large amounts of DSIP-like material

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) stimulates LH release in steroid-primed ovariectomized rats

In vitro effects of putative neurotransmitters on synaptic ribbon numbers and N-acetyltransferase activity in the rat pineal gland

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) stimulates growth hormone (GH) release in the rat by hypothalamic and pituitary actions

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) inhibited CRF-induced ACTH secretion from rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro